ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Mastitis is one of the most important illnesses in specialized dairy herds worldwide due to the effects on production and animal health. The types caused by CNS has a special importance in a production where the main pathogens are controlled. The objective of the present work is to determine the prevalence of CNS in a dairy herd in Boyaca and also quantify the effects of every species of CNS in SCC. 40 cows were selected and sampled during 6 months, CMT was performed, and results from 1 to trace were sampled. The routine bacteriological test was also performed for CNS identification, and the isolating of CNS was performed through rpoB gene identification and through the type of strain using the pulse gel electrophoresis procedure. Out of 960 samples, 619 were positive for CNS growth. The most prevalent species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. sciuri, S. simulaans, S. haemolyticus and S. capitis. The results that were found here are similar to the results observed in different parts of the world, which confirms that they are pathogens that must be constantly evaluated because they can go unnoticed in routine controls, especially in those farms where major pathogens are not a serious problem. The results determined in this study demonstrate that CNS generates a slight increase in somatic cells.
RESUMEN La mastitis es una de las enfermedades más importantes en los rebaños lecheros especializados alrededor de todo el mundo debido a los efectos sobre la producción y la salud animal. Los tipos ocasionados por estafilococos coagualasa negativo (ECN) tienen una importancia especial en una producción en la que los principales patógenos están controlados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la prevalência del ECN en un hato lechero en Boyacá y cuantificar los efectos de cada especie de ECN en el conteo de células somáticas (CCS). Se seleccionaron 40 vacas y se tomaron muestras durante 6 meses, se realizó california mastitis test (CMT) y se tomaron muestras de los resultados desde 1 hasta donde hubo trazas. También se realizó la prueba bacteriológica de rutina para la identificación del ECN y el aislamiento del ECN se realizó mediante la identificación del gen rpoB y del tipo de cepa, usando el procedimiento de electroforesis en gel de pulso. De 960 muestras, 619 fueron positivas para el crecimiento del ECN. Las especies más prevalentes fueron Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. sciuri, S. simulans, S. haemolyticus y S. capitis. Los resultados encontrados aquí son similares a resultados en diferentes partes del mundo, lo que confirma que son patógenos que deben ser evaluados constantemente porque pueden pasar desapercibidos en los controles de rutina, especialmente en aquellas fincas donde los patógenos mayores no son un problema grave. Los resultados determinados en este estudio demuestran que el SNC genera un ligero aumento de células somáticas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Staphylococcus , Cattle , Cells , Longitudinal Studies , Electrophoresis , Mammary Glands, Animal , Mastitis , Veterinary Medicine , Catalase , Cell Count , Prevalence , Gram-Positive Rods , HemolysisABSTRACT
This research evaluated the effect of milking on the physical exam of the mammary gland (MG) and milk examination in Saanen goats. Six properties were selected, four farms were used after evaluation of criteria selection and distributed in two groups according to the milking method: manual or mechanical. The physical examination of MG was performed using the techniques of inspection and palpation, in addition to the examination of the milk by strip cup, California Mastitis Test, somatic cell count, and bacteriological exam. It was possible to detect an association between the milking method with the most of physical exam of the MG: inspection of the MG (p = 0.001), inspection of the teat (p = 0.002), palpation of the MG (p = 0.054) and palpation of the teat (p = 0.036). The machine milking had an association with the reduction of the volume of MG (OR = 6.00), reduction of the teat size (OR = 16.19), and firm consistency of mammary parenchyma (OR = 2.39). The use of machine milking represented a less risk for an increase of the volume of the MG volume (OR = 0.288) and the presence of cisternitis (OR = 0.490). The association between the SCC and the type of milking was also detected (p = 0.002). Machine milking was associated with changesin the physical exam of MG and milk examination compatible with traumatic lesions. This information indicates inappropriate use of milking equipment in the dairy goat's properties.(AU)
Esta pesquisa avaliou o efeito da ordenha sobre o exame físico da glândula mamária (GM) e do leite em cabras Saanen. Seis propriedades foram selecionadas, quatro fazendas foram utilizadas após avaliação da seleção dos critérios e distribuídas em dois grupos de acordo com o método de ordenha: manual ou mecânico. O exame físico da GM foi realizado utilizando as técnicas de inspeção e palpação, além do exame do leite pelo teste da caneca de fundo escuro, California Mastitis Test, contagem de células somáticas e exame bacteriológico. Foi possível detectar uma associação entre o método de ordenha com a maioria dos exames físicos da GM: inspeção da GM (p = 0,001), inspeção do teto (p = 0,002), palpação da GM (p = 0,054) e palpação do teto (p = 0,036). A ordenha mecânica associou-se com a redução do volume de GM (OR = 6,00), redução do tamanho do teto (OR = 16,19) e consistência firme do parênquima mamário (OR = 2,39). O uso da ordenha mecânica representou menor risco para o aumento do volume do volume da GM (OR = 0,288) e presença da cisternite (OR = 0,490). Também foi detectada a associação entre a CCS e o tipo de ordenha (p = 0,002). A ordenha mecânica foi associada com as alterações no exame físico de GM e do leite compatíveis com lesões traumáticas. Essas informações indicam o uso inadequado do equipamento de ordenha na criação de cabras leiteiras.(AU)
Subject(s)
Cattle , Palpation , Mammary Glands, Animal , Physical Examination/veterinary , Cell Count/methods , Milk , Encephalitis, California/diagnosisABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Mastitis is one of the most important diseases for the dairy industry worldwide due to the great economic losses it causes, and the bacterial agents that cause it vary from one herd to another. The objective of the investigation was to determine the infectious agents involved in the development of mastitis in specialized dairies herds in the Highlands of Boyacá, Colombia. Was performed CMT tests in 4432 teats to determine the positive results for inflammation (CMT + 2), sampling in aseptic material of positives quarters, identification and differentiation through microbiological cultures, Gram staining, and biochemical tests of bacterial and fungal agents present in milk samples. It was determined that the total prevalence varied in the three years of the study as follows: in 2016, 45.19%; in 2017, 51.06% and in 2018, 39.76%. The months of April, May, and September, October presented the highest number of teats affected with mastitis during the three years of study. Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most prevalent microorganisms that cause mastitis in the three study years. There was an increase in the prevalence of infected teats corresponding to the months (April, May, September, and October) due to rainfall increases. The contagious pathogens were most prevalent that environmental pathogens.
RESUMEN La mastitis es una de las enfermedades más importantes para la industria lechera a nivel mundial debido a las grandes pérdidas económicas que genera; además, los agentes que la generan varían de un rebaño a otro. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los agentes infecciosos involucrados en el desarrollo de mastitis en lecherías especializadas del departamento de Boyacá (Colombia). Se realizaron pruebas de CMT a 4432 cuartos para determinar los positivos a inflamación (CMT+2), toma de muestras en material aséptico de cuartos positivos, identificación y diferenciación a través de cultivos microbiológicos, tinción de Gram y pruebas bioquímicas de los agentes bacterianos y micóticos presentes en las muestras de leche. Se determinó que la prevalencia total varió en los tres años de estudio así: en el año 2016, 45,19%; en el 2017, 51,06%, y en el 2018, 39,76%. Los meses de abril-mayo y septiembre-octubre presentaron la mayor cantidad de cuartos afectados con mastitis a lo largo de los tres años de estudio. Finalmente, se determinó que Streptococcus agalactiae y Staphylococcus aureus, microorganismos que generan mastitis, fueron los de mayor prevalencia durante los tres años de estudio debido a un aumento en las lluvias. Los patógenos contagiosos causantes de mastitis fueron los más prevalentes, por encima de los medioambientales.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana del grupo estafilococo coagulasa negativo (ECN) en algunas fincas ganaderas de Tolima, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Mediante la prueba de California para el diagnóstico de mastitis (CMT), se evaluaron 484 cuartos pertenecientes a 121 vacas de cinco fincas ganaderas de pequeña producción de una región del centro de Tolima. Las muestras positivas al CMT se cultivaron para aislamiento bacteriológico. A los ECN encontrados se les realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad frente a los antibióticos. Los resultados se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 252 (52%) cuartos no presentaron ningún tipo de reacción al CMT, ni signos clínicos de mastitis, por lo cual se consideraron libres de la enfermedad. De los cuartos, 73 (15%) fueron positivos para CMT y cultivo bacteriológico. De estos se aislaron 36 cepas de ECN (7,4% del total de cuartos); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5,8%); Streptococcus spp., 6 ( 1,2%); Escherichia coli, 2 (0,4%), y Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0,2%). La mastitis clínica y subclínica en el cuarto se presentó en 1,4% y 13,6%, respectivamente. En 5 (1,0%) de los cuartos se encontró mastitis clínica causada por ECN y mastitis subclínica en 31 (6,4%). El 61% de las cepas de ECN fue resistente a penicilina, y el 58%, a tetraciclina; el 97% fue sensible a cefoperazona. Conclusión: El grupo ECN, considerado un emergente mundial de mastitis, es evidenciado con alta frecuencia en fincas ganaderas de Tolima, Colombia, lo que causa mastitis clínica y subclínica con variada respuesta a los antimicrobianos.
Objective: To determine the antimicrobial presence and susceptibility of the coagulase-negative staphylococci group (ECN, for its initials in Spanish) in some cattle farms from Tolima, Colombia. Materials and methods: Using the California test for the diagnosis of mastitis (CMT, for its initials in Spanish), 484 quarters belonging to 121 cows from five small production ranches from a region of central Tolima were evaluated. CMT positive samples were cultivated for bacterial isolation. The ECN found were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: 252 (52%) quarters did not show any type of reaction to the CMT, nor did they show any clinical signs of mastitis, therefore they were considered free of the disease. From the quarters, 73 (15%) turned positive for CMT and bacteriological culture. From these, 36 strains of ECN were isolated (7.4% of the total of quarters); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5.8%); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1.2%).; Escherichia coli, 2 (0.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0.2%). The clinical and subclinical mastitis in the quarter occurred in 1.4% and 13.6%, respectively. In 5 (1.0%) of the quarters, clinical mastitis caused by ECN was found and subclinical mastitis in 31 (6.4%). 61% of the ECN strains were resistant to penicillin, and 58%, to tetracycline; 97% were sensitive to cefoperazone. Conclusion: The ECN group, considered a global emergent of mastitis, is evidenced with high frequency in ranches from Tolima, Colombia, causing clinical and sub-clinical mastitis with varied response to antimicrobials.
Objetivo: Determinar a presença e susceptibilidade antimicrobiana do grupo estafilococo coagulase negativo (ECN) em algumas fazendas de gado do Tolima, na Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Mediante a prova de Califórnia para o diagnóstico de mastite (CMT), se avaliaram 484 quartos pertencentes a 121 vacas de cinco fazendas de gado de pequena produção de uma região do centro do Tolima. As amostras positivas ao CMT se cultivaram para isolamento bacteriológico. Aos ECN encontrados foram-lhes realizadas provas de susceptibilidade diante dos antibióticos. Os resultados se analisaram com estatística descritiva. Resultados: 252 (52%) quartos não apresentaram nenhum tipo de reação ao CMT, nem signos clínicos de mastite, razão pela qual foram considerados livres da doença. Dos quartos, 73 (15%) foram positivos para CMT e cultivo bacteriológico. Destes se isolaram 36 cepas de ECN (7,4% do total de quartos); S. aureus-ECP, 28 (5,8%); Streptococcus spp., 6 (1,2%); Escherichia coli, 2 (0,4%), e Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0,2%). A mastite clínica e subclínica no quarto se apresentaram em 1,4% e 13,6%, respectivamente. Em 5 (1,0%) dos quartos se encontrou mastite clínica causada por ECN e mastite subclínica em 31 (6,4%). Em 61% das cepas de ECN foram resistentes à penicilina, e o 58%, à tetraciclina; o 97% foram sensíveis à cefoperazona. Conclusão: o grupo ECN, considerado um emergente mundial de mastite, é evidenciado com alta frequência em fazendas de gado do Tolima, na Colômbia, o que causa mastite clínica e subclínica com variada resposta aos antimicrobianos.
ABSTRACT
Descreveu-se a ocorrência de mastite em 87 búfalas do Estado do Pará, em diferentes fases de lactação, mantidas em sistema de criação extensivo. Foram realizados o exame clínico da glândula mamária, o California Mastitis Test, o exame bacteriológico do leite e o perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. Amostras de leite foram colhidas de todos os quartos mamários avaliados, assepticamente, exceto na ausência de secreção láctea. Dos 348 quartos mamários examinados, 89,37% não reagiram ao California Mastitis Test e 5,46% reagiram; 2,87% dos quartos mamários apresentavam mastite clínica e 2,3% não apresentavam secreção láctea. Nas amostras reagentes ao California Mastitis Test, Streptococcus spp. foi o agente isolado em maior percentual, seguido por Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus intermedius. Das amostras não reagentes ao California Mastitis Test houve crescimento bacteriano em 24,8%, sendo Staphylococcus coagulase negativa o agente mais presente, seguido por S. intermedius, S. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae e Streptococcus spp. No antibiograma, os isolados de estafilococos coagulase negativas foram sensíveis à gentamicina e resistentes à penicilina. Para os isolados de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, amoxicilina e cefalotina foram os antimicrobianos de eleição. Streptococcus spp. foram sensíveis à amoxicilina e sulfazotrim. Todos S. agalactiae foram sensíveis à amoxicilina e tetraciclina. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de mastite foi baixa nos rebanhos estudados; o California Mastitis Test não se mostrou eficiente no diagnóstico da infecção intramamária, devendo sempre ser associado ao exame microbiológico e houve baixa resistência dos agentes isolados aos antimicrobianos testados, exceto em relação à penicilina.
It was described the occurrence of mastitis in 87 buffaloes from the state of Para at different stages of lactation and kept in extensive farming system. The clinical examination of the mammary gland, California Mastitis Test, bacteriological examination of milk and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile were performed. Milk samples were taken aseptically from all mammary quarters, except in the absence of milk secretion. Among the 348 mammary quarters examined 89.37% did not react to the California Mastitis Test and 5.46% reacted, 2.87% presented clinical mastitis and 2.3% did not show milk secretion. Streptococcus spp. was isolated from mammary glands with clinical mastitis. In California Mastitis Test-reagent samples Streptococcus spp. was isolated with a high percentual, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermedius. There was bacterial growth in 24.8% of California Mastitis Test-non-reagent samples, mainly coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, followed by Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus spp. The antibiogram revealed effectiveness of gentamicin against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates and low effectiveness of penicillin. Amoxicillin and cephalotin were the antimicrobials agents of choice for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus. Streptococcus spp. revealed sensitivity to amoxicillin and sulfazotrim and all S. agalactiae isolated were sensitive to amoxicillin and tetraciclin. It was concluded that there was a low occurrence of mastitis among the herds studied, the California Mastitis Test was not efficient to diagnose intramammary infection, thus it should ever be associated with microbiological exam and that there was low levels of resistence to all antimicrobials tested except penicillin.
Subject(s)
Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Animal Husbandry , Mastitis, BovineABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar a incidência da mastite, fatores de risco associados à mastite e avaliar a qualidade do leite no município de Altônia. Foram avaliadas 24 propriedades em um total de 248 vacas, nas quais se realizaram procedimentos nas propriedades, o teste da caneca telada, o California Mastitis Test, a coleta para exames laboratoriais e aplicação do questionário. Desse modo, 82 animais apresentaram reações positivas ao Califórnia Mastitis Test e destes 54 foram positivos ao exame microbiológico, perfazendo um índice de 21,80% de mastite. No exame microbiológico a maior prevalência foi de Staphylococcus aureus com 51,85%, seguida por Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (29,63%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5,56%); acompanhado de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo VP negativo (5,56%) e Corynebacterium sp. (5,56%). A mediana da contagem de células somáticas relacionado ao exame microbiológico para o Staphylococcus aureus foi 1.650 (CCS x 10³), e para o Staphylococcus coagulase negativo 1.324,5 (CCS x 10³). Em se tratando dos constituintes do leite, também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em relação aos exames positivos dos principais isolados e negativos no exame microbiológico. Os fatores de risco com resultado estatisticamente significativo foi a não realização do pós-dipping; descarte de animais por mastite e a lavagem dos tetos com água. Considerando a detecção das falhas produtivas, medidas de controle estão sendo desenvolvidas para a melhoria da qualidade do leite no município e sanidade do rebanho.
This research aimed to determine the incidence of mastitis risk factors associated with mastitis and evaluate the quality of milk in the city of Altonia. We evaluated 24 properties for a total of 248 cows, which were performed procedures in the properties, the test mug screened, the California Mastitis Test, collection for laboratory tests and the questionnaire. 82 animals showed positive reactions to the California Mastitis Test and of these 54 were positive for microbiological examination, for a rate of 21.80% of mastitis. Microbiological examination was a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus with 51.85%, followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29.63%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5.56%), followed by Staphylococcus coagulase positive VP negative (5.56%) and Corynebacterium sp. (5.56%). The median somatic cell counts related to microbiological test for Staphylococcus aureus was 1.650 (CCS x 10 ³), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 1324.5 (CCS x 10 ³). In the case of milk constituents, also found no significant differences in relation to the examination of the main positive and negative isolates microbiological examination. Risk factors with a statistically significant result was not performing post-dipping; disposal of animal by mastitis and washing and washing of roofs with water. Considering the detection of failures productive, control measures are being developed to improve the quality of milk in the city and health of the herd.
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de mastitis, factores de riesgo asociados a la mastitis y evaluar la calidad de la leche en el municipio de Altônia. Se evaluó 24 propiedades con un total de 248 vacas, en las cuales se realizaron procedimientos en las propiedades, el test de la jarra con tela, el California Mastitis Test, la recopilación para exámenes de laboratorio y aplicación del cuestionario. Así, 82 animales mostraron reacciones positivas al California Mastitis Test y de estos 54 fueron positivos al examen microbiológico, con una tasa de 21,80% de mastitis. En el examen microbiológico la mayor prevalencia fue de Staphylococcus aureus con 51,85%, seguido por Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (29.63%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5,56%); seguido de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo VP negativo (5.56%) y Corynebacterium sp. (5,56%). La mediana del contaje de células somáticas relacionado al examen microbiológico para Staphylococcus aureus fue 1,650 (CCS x 10 ³), y para Staphylococcus coagulase negativo 1324.5 (CCS x 10 ³). En el caso de los componentes de la leche, también no se encontraron diferencias significativas en relación a los exámenes positivos de los principales aislados y negativos en el análisis microbiológico. Los factores de riesgo con resultado estadísticamente significativo fue la no realización del pós-dipping, descarte de animales por mastitis y el lavaje de los techos con agua. Considerando la detección de fallos productivos, medidas de control están siendo desarrolladas para mejorar la calidad de la leche en el municipio y la salud del rebaño.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Diagnosis , Mammary Glands, Animal/anatomy & histology , Infections/pathology , Mastitis, Bovine/pathology , Cattle/classificationABSTRACT
Se efectuó un estudio de corte sobre la prevalencia de mastitis bovina en una muestra representativa de las granjas lecheras del altiplano norte de Antioquia, Colombia. Se evaluaron los resultados del California Mastitis Test (CMT), Recuento de Células Somáticas (RCS) y cultivo bacteriológico de leche, y se analizaron los factores de riesgo asociados a mastitis bovina. El análisis estadístico de la información se efectuó por medio de estadística descriptiva, análisis de razón de prevalencias y regresión logística multinivel. Con la prueba de CMT se detectó un 20% de cuartos afectados con mastitis, la prevalencia de mastitis subclínica por vaca fue del 39,5% y la de mastitis clínica fue del 1,7%. Se efectuaron 648 cultivos de muestras de leche, de las cuales 23,9% fueron negativas, 34% positivas a Streptococcus agalactiae y 10,2% a Estafilococo coagulasa negativo. El análisis de regresión reveló que las vacas que tuvieron más de seis meses de lactancia presentaron una Odds Ratio (OR) de 2,65 en comparación con las de un mes de lactancia (p < 0,05). Se halló un OR de 1,24 para la asociación de la edad y la mastitis (p < 0,05). Para el lavado de manos se encontró un OR de 0,36 en comparación con no hacerlo (p < 0,05). En conclusión, se halló una alta frecuencia de mastitis por vaca. El microorganismo más hallado fue el Streptococcus agalactiae. El trauma podría ser una causa importante de mastitis dado que no se observó crecimiento bacteriano en 23,9% de los cultivos de muestras de leche de cuartos con mastitis...
A study was conducted on the prevalence of bovine mastitis in a representative sample from dairy farms in the northern highlands of Antioquia, Colombia. The results of California Mastitis Test (CMT) were evaluated, as well as the Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and the bacteriological culture of milk. The risk factors associated with bovine mastitis were also analyzed, and the statistical analysis of the information was made through descriptive statistics, prevalence ratio analysis and multilevel logistic regression. The CMT test detected that 20% of the cow were affected with mastitis, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis per cow was of 39.5%, and of clinical mastitis was 1.7%. Six hundred and forty eight (648) cultures were made of milk samples, 23.9% of which came out negative, 34% positive with Streptococcus agalactiae, and 10.2% with coagulase-negative staphylococci. The regression analysis revealed that cows that had more than six months of lactation showed an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.65 compared to cows that had one month of lactation (p < 0.05). An OR of 1.24 was found in the association between age and mastitis (p<0.05). Finally, an OR of 0.36 was found associated to washing hands compared to not doing it (p<0.05). In conclusion, a high prevalence of mastitis per cow was found. The most frequently found micro-organism was Streptococcus agalactiae. Trauma could be a major cause of mastitis since no bacterial growth was observed in 23.9% of the milk sample cultures from cow with mastitis...
Realizou-se um estudo de corte sobre a prevalência da mastite bovina em uma mostra representativa das fazendas leiteiras do altiplano norte da Antioquia, Colômbia. Foram avaliados os resultados do exame CMT (California Mastitis Test), Recontagem das Células Somáticas (RCS) e cultivo bacteriológico do leite, e analisaram-se os fatores de risco associados à mastite bovina. A análise estatística da informação foi efetuada por meio da estatística descritiva, análise de razão de prevalências e regressão logística multinível. Com o exame CMT detectou-se 20% de quartos afetados com mastite, a prevalência de mastite subclínica por vaca foi de 39,5% e a de mastite clínica foi de 1,7%. Efetuaram-se 648 cultivos de mostras de leite, das quais 23,9% foram negativas, 34% positivas a Streptococcus agalactiae e 10,2% a Estafilococo coagulase negativo. A análise de regressão revelou que as vacas que tiveram mais de seis meses lactância apresentaram uma Odds Ratio (OR) de 2,65 em comparação com as de um mês de lactância (p<0,05). Foi encontrado um OR de 1,24 para a associação da idade e a mastite (p<0,05). Para a lavagem de mãos encontrou-se um OR de 0,36 em comparação com não fazê-lo (p<0,05). Em conclusão, foi encontrada uma alta frequência de mastite por vaca. O micro-organismo encontrado com mais frequência foi o Streptococcus agalactiae. O trauma poderia ser uma causa importante de mastite dado que não se observou crescimento bacteriano em 23,9% dos cultivos de mostras de leite de quartos com mastite...
Subject(s)
Animals , Cells , Infections , Milk , Mastitis, BovineABSTRACT
Objetivou-se neste estudo, avaliar a dinâmica da infecção intramamária de ovelhas por meio da avaliação clínica, da contagem de células somáticas e do isolamento de bactérias envolvidas na infecção mamária ao longo de toda a lactação, bem como o perfil de sensibilidade destes isolados frente a antimicrobianos. Foram avaliadas 34 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês criadas em sistema semi-intensivo e submetidas ao mesmo manejo higiênico-sanitário e nutricional acompanhadas antes e durante o período de lactação: aproximadamente 10 dias que precedeu ao parto, 15 dias pós-parto (dpp), 30 dpp, 60 dpp e 90 dpp (secagem). Nestes momentos foi realizado o exame clínico da glândula. A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e o CMT foram realizados nos momentos seguintes ao parto (15dpp, 30dpp, 60dpp e 90dpp), assim como a análise bacteriológica, realizada além dos momentos citados anteriormente, também no momento que precedeu ao parto. A colheita do leite foi realizada por ordenha manual. Todas as ovelhas foram submetidas à sorologia para lentivírus. Os dados da variável CCS foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade segundo Kolmogorov-Smirnov e por não atender a premissa de normalidade, foram transformados em log de base 10 (Log10). Por conseguinte efetuou-se a análise de variância e contraste de médias pelo teste de Tukey com nível de significância de P<0,05. Foi realizado o estudo descritivo das variáveis empregando-se a distribuição de frequências ( por cento). O valor médio da CCS das glândulas não reagentes ao CMT, ao longo do período de lactação, variou de 387.896,08 células/mL a 620.611,11 células/mL e nas glândulas reagentes, dependendo do escore do CMT, apresentou valores médios que variaram de 2.133.914,19 células/mL a 6.730.514,50 células/mL, sem contudo sofrer influência das diferentes fases da lactação. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a mastite subclínica representa uma preocupação sanitária na criação de ovelhas Santa Inês, chamando-se ...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of intramammary infection in ewes by means of clinical examination, direct somatic cell count and the isolation of bacterial agents involved in the process during lactation, as well as the sensitivity profile of these isolates to different antimicrobials. Thirty four ewes from the Santa Inês breed, raised under semi-intensive conditions and submitted to identical sanitary and nutritional management were evaluated before and after parturition, about 10 days before parturition, 15 days after parturition (dap), 30 dap, 60 dap and 90 dap (weaning). In the respective phases a clinical exam of the mammary gland was accomplished. The direct somatic cell count (SCC) and the California Mastitis Test (CMT) were carried out in the phases postpartum (15 dap, 30 dap, 60 dap and 90 dap) as well as the bacteriological analysis which was also accomplished in the experimental phase that preceded parturition when the ewes were not milked. Milk sampling was achieved by manual means. All ewes were submitted to lentivirus serology test. The variable data of SCC were tested for normality according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov and not attended the premise of normality were transformed into log base 10 (Log10). Therefore was performed the analysis of variance and contrast of means by Tukey test with significance level of P<0.05. A descriptive study of the variables studied was done by frequency distribution ( percent). The average somatic cell count in negative reactions to the CMT varied 387.896,08 cells/mL to 620.611,11 cells/mL and glands reagents ranged up to 6.730.514,50 cells/mL, but there was no influence in the different stages of lactation. The results allowed to conclude that subclinical mastitis represents a sanitary concern in the breeding of Santa Ines ewes. The phase that precedes parturition is particularly worrying and deserves more attention since there is a higher bacterial isolation percentage in ...
Subject(s)
Animals , Bacteriological Techniques , Lactation , Sheep/microbiology , Staphylococcus , Breast Diseases , Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
Routine diagnosis methods used in bovine mastitis were studied in 55 mares in lactation. The findings of strip cup test, California Mastitis Test-CMT, electronic somatic cell count-CCS, microbiological culture, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates were discussed. Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp, and enterobacteria were the most common microorganisms isolated in health and CMT-positive mammary glands. Staphylococcus aureus and Arcanobacterium pyogenes were identified in two mares presenting clinical mastitis. Mean somatic cell count of eight mares without presence of microorganisms in milk was 247.57x10³/mL and 1.621,86x10³/mL in 47 mares with positive microbiological culture. Moderate concordance (63.8 percent) between positive reactions in CMT (1 to 3+) and microbiological culture was observed. Amicacin (78.9 percent), ceftiofur (74.7 percent), sulpha-trimetoprim (69,0 percent) and norfloxacin (69.0 percent), were the most effective drugs, while resistance of isolates was mainly observed against penicillin (64.8 percent), gentamycin (35.2 percent), azithromycin (35.2 percent), enrofloxacin (28.2 percent), and florfenicol (28.2 percent).
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mastitis/diagnosis , Mastitis/therapy , Mastitis/veterinary , Cell Count/veterinary , HorsesABSTRACT
This study evaluated how predictive the California Mastitis Test (CMT) is for sub-clinical mastitis under tropical smallholder dairy production conditions in Kenya. It intended to establish whether the CMT usage could be contributing to misdiagnosis and consequent mistreatment with animal drugs resulting in residue problems. Milk samples (n = 239) were aseptically collected from lactating cows in the Rift Valley of Kenya and tested using the CMT, somatic cell counts (SCC) and bacterial culture. The samples were also screened for violative drug residues using the commercial delvo test and compared to the milks mastitic status for possible association. There was a numerical but non-significant (p > 0.05) difference evident in the frequencies observed using the three different mastitis indicators. The prevalent bacterial species isolated from mammary glands with subclinical mastitis were Staphylococcus aureus (45.6%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (13.0%), Streptococci (11.7%) and Escherichia coli 5.9%. There was an overall poor but significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the CMT and the violative antimicrobial residues in samples from all quarters, infected and non-infected respectively. The results suggest that the CMT use amongst the smallholder dairy sector as a mastitic indicator may not be a risk factor in violative antimicrobial residues problems in milk.